Extensive cemetery of the First Dynasty and Fourth Dynasty. For the tombs of the First Dynasty see:

• Montet 1938 (description of the architecture)
• Montet 1946 (description of the finds)
• for the more recent excavations of the Leiden Museum, see: Klasens 1957, Klasens 1958a, Klasens 1958b, Klasens 1959, Klasens1960, Klasens 1961.

A large cemetery, partly excavated in recent years, dates to the First Dynasty.

• Radwan 1991 (publication of one tomb of the late First Dynasty)

The most southern city of Egypt on an island opposite modern Aswan. In the First Dynasty a fortification was built, which was the core of a city. Excavations since 1970 revealed a small temple of Satet. The best preserved temple building of the first dynasties.

• Dreyer 1986 (publication of the small finds from the Satet temple)
• Ziermann 1993 (publication of the architectural remains of the fortress and city walls)

Important site in Lower Egypt. Finds show the development of cultures in Lower Egypt from prehistory to the Old Kingdom (about 2686-2181 BC) .

• von der Way 1997 (excavation report on the recent German excavations)
• Köhler 1998 (publication of the ceramics found at Buto)

City and cemeteries on the east bank of the Nile opposite Hierakonpolis.

• Quibell 1898 (excavation report)
• Hendrickx 1994 (excavation report on a Naqada III cemetery)

A vast cemetery of the First to Third Dynasty, excavated by Zaki Y. Saad, but never fully published. The site is being re-excavated by an Australian mission.

Further reading:

• Saad 1947 (preliminary report on the excavations)
• Saad 1951 (preliminary report on the excavations)
• Saad 1969 (a summary of the excavations)
• Wood 1987 (discussion of the stone built tombs)
• el-Banna 1990 (excavation report on recently found tombs)
• Wilkinson 1996a (on the chronology of the cemetery)
• Jeffreys 1999 (a general introduction)
• Birrel 2000 (on the porticullis stones of several tombs)
• Köhler 2000 (preliminary report on the Australian re-excavations)

The administrative centre of Egypt from its founding in the First Dynasty.

• Jeffreys 1997 (on the location of Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom (about 2686-2181 BC) Memphis)
• Jeffreys/Tavares 1994 (on the location of Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom Memphis)
• Wilkinson 1999: 357-364 (an introduction to Memphis in the First and Second Dynasty)

A cemetery dating from Naqada to the Early Dynastic Period

• Kroeper 1996 (research on the tombs with cosmetic palettes)
• Kroeper/Wildung 1994, Kroeper/Wildung 2000 (the excavation reports)

A series of cemeteries including tombs of Early Dynastic date.

• Reisner 1908 (the excavation report on the Early Dynastic cemetery)

Old Cairo

A large tomb dating to the Second Dynasty indicates that this site was already important in Early Dynastic Egypt.

• Boghdady 1932 (the publication of the tomb)

The cemetery of Memphis, starting with the beginning of the First Dynasty. Large tombs of nobles have been found. For the Second Dynasty two tombs of kings (Hotepsekhemwy or Raneb; Ninetjer) are attested.

• Emery 1938 (excavation report)
• Emery 1939 (excavation report)
• Emery 1949 (excavation report)
• Emery 1954 (excavation report)
• Emery 1958 (excavation report)
• Emery 1962 (excavation report)
• Quibell 1923 (excavation report)

Tell Ibrahim Awad

Important site in the east Delta.

• van den Brink 1992 (preliminary report on the excavations)
• Haarlem 1996 (excavation report on a tomb of the First Dynasty)

Next to the pyramid of the Third Dynasty is a small cemetery of First Dynasty date.

• Dunham 1978 (the excavation report)

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