1) Describe how the anterior-posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo is set up and becomes segmented.

2) Compare and contrast the structure and function of the HOM gene complexes in Drosophila and mice.

3) What is the role of the Spemann Organizer in amphibian development?

4) Describe the features of pre-implantation mouse development that facilitate the derivation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Then write notes on TWO of the following:

(i) generating transgenic mice by egg injection

(ii) knocking out genes in embryonic stem (ES) cells

(iii) using embryonic stem (ES) cells to generate chimeric mouse embryos

5) How can we learn from animal models about the genetic control of ageing?

6) Write an essay about the conservation of developmental processes in the evolution of vertebrates.

7) Briefly describe the genetics of sex determination in humans and in Drosophila. Discuss the ways in which they differ and what they have in common.

8) Write an essay describing how anterior posterior and dorsal ventral positional information is generated within the developing embryonic central nervous system.

9) Describe how the tracheal system develops in Drosophila larvae and discuss how this is relevant for mammalian development.