The Geological Time Scale (GTS) is the fundamental measurement yardstick and the key to reconstructing Earth history. This project will (1) develop a next generation fully integrated GTS for the last 100 million years, and (2) exploit the scientific predictions arising from this improvement. This time scale, with unprecedented accuracy, precision, resolution and stability, will be achieved by integrating independent dating techniques, and our focus in this project is the improved calibration of marine plankton bioevents.