Publications and Other Outputs

This section lists publications and other outputs from our project. If you would like to discuss any potential contribution to any form of public or specialist exchange, please contact us.

Publications

• Li, X. 2020. Bronze Weapons of the Qin Terracotta Warriors: Standardisation, Craft Specialisation and Labour Organisation, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International 2992.
• Quinn  P., Yang, Y., Xia, Y., Li, X., Ma, S., Zhang, S. and D. Wilke 2020. Geochemical evidence for the manufacture, logistics and supply-chain management of Emperor Qin Shihuang's Terracotta Army, China, Archaeometry. doi: 10.1111/arcm.12613.
• Martinon-Torres, M., Li, X., Xia, Y., Benzonelli, A., Bevan, A. et al. 2019. Surface chromium on Terracotta Army bronze weapons is neither an ancient anti-rust treatment nor the reason for their good preservation, Scientific Reports 9 doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40613-7
• Bevan, A., Li, X., Zhao, Zh., Huang, J., Laidlaw, S., Xi, N., Xia, Y., Ma Sh., and Martinón-Torres, M. 2018. Ink marks, bronze crossbows and their implications for the Qin Terracotta Army, Heritage Science 6. doi:10.1186/s40494-018-0239-5
• Quinn, P., Zhang, S., Xia, Y., and Li, X. 2017. Building the Terracotta Army: Ceramic craft technology and organisation of production at Qin Shihuang's mausoleum complex, Antiquity 91.358: 966-979.
• Li, X., Bevan, A., Martinón-Torres, M., Yin, X., and K. Zhao 2016. Marking practices and the making of the Qin Terracotta Army, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 42: 169-183. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2016.04.002
• Martinón-Torres, M., Li, X., Bevan, A. 2015. Mapas de distribución, estadística espacial y organización de la producción en arqueología: las armas de bronce de los guerreros de terracota de Xi’an, China, Sémata. Ciencias Sociais e Humanidades 27: 141-158.
• Li, X., Bevan, A., Martinón-Torres, M., Rehren, Th., Cao, W. Yin, X., and K. Zhao 2014. Crossbows and imperial craft organisation: the bronze triggers of China’s Terracotta Army, Antiquity 88: 126-140.
• Martinon-Torres, M., Li, X.J., Bevan, A., Xia, Y., Zhao, K., Rehren, T. (2014). 为秦始皇打造兵器：秦俑坑兵器的冶金考古学分析 (Making weapons for the First Emperor: an archaeometallurgical analysis of bronze weapons from the Terracotta Army). In Cao, W., Rehren, T. (Eds.), 秦时期冶金考古国际学术研讨会论文集 秦时期冶金考古国际学术研讨会论文集 (International symposium on Qin period metallurgy and its social and archaeological context). (pp. 38-46). Beijing: Science Press.
• Bevan, A., Li, X.J., Martinon-Torres, M. (2014). 冶金及手工业生产的空间统计学分析 (A quantitative spatial analysis of metallurgical and other craft activities). In Cao, W., Rehren, T. (Eds.), 秦时期冶金考古国际学术研讨会论文集 (International symposium on Qin period metallurgy and its social and archaeological context). (pp. 65-76). Beijing: Science Press.
• Li, X.J., Martinon-Torres, M., Xia, Y., Zhao, K., Rehren, T. (2014). 打描电镜下的青铜兵器铭文及加工痕迹 (Inscriptions and other tool marks on the bronze weapons observed under the Scanning Electron Microscope). In Cao, W., Rehren, T. (Eds.), 秦时期冶金考古国际学术研讨会论文集 (International symposium on Qin period metallurgy and its social and archaeological context). (pp. 47-57). Beijing: Science Press.
• Xia, Y., Li, X.J., Martinon-Torres, M., Rehren, T., Zhao, K. (2014). 秦俑坑出土铜镞铤的金相及电镜能谱初步分析 (An initial analysis of the arrow tangs and swords from the Qin Terracotta Army). In Cao, W., Rehren, T. (Eds.), 秦时期冶金考古国际学术研讨会论文集 (International symposium on Qin period metallurgy and its social and archaeological context). (pp. 58-64). Beijing: Science Press.
• Bevan, A.H., Li, X.J.,  Martinón-Torres, M., Green, S., Xia, Y., Zhao, K., Rehren, T., (2014). Computer vision, archaeological classification and China's Terracotta Warriors, Journal of Archaeological Science, 49 (1), 249-254. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2014.05.014
• Li, X.J., Bevan, A., Martinón-Torres, M., Rehren, T., Cao, W., Xia, Y., Zhao, K., (2014). Crossbows and imperial craft organisation: the bronze triggers of China's Terracotta Army. Antiquity: a quarterly review of archaeology, 88, 126-140.
• Martinón-Torres, M., Li, X. J., Bevan, A., Xia, Y., Zhao, K. and Rehren, Th. 2014. Forty thousand arms for a single Emperor: from chemical data to the labor organization behind the bronze arrows of the Terracotta Army. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. DOI link»
• Li, X. J., Martinón-Torres, M., Meeks and Xia, Y. 2012. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of tool marks on Qin bronze weaopns using silicone rubber impressions, in N. Meeks, C. Cartwright, A. Meek and A. Mongiatti (eds.), Historical Technology, Materials and Conservation: SEM and Microanalysis, 62-68. London: Archetype and The British Museum.
• Li, X. J.2012. Standardisation, Labour Organisation and the Bronze Weapons of the Qin Terracotta Warriors. PhD thesis, UCL Institute of Archaeology, London.
• Li, X. J., Martinón-Torres, M., Meeks, N. D., Xia, Y. and Zhao, K. 2011. Inscriptions, filing, grinding and polishing marks on the bronze weapons from the Qin Terracotta Army in China. Journal of Archaeological Science 38, 492-501. DOI link»
• Li, X.J., Martinón-Torres, M., Bevan, A., Rehren, Th., Xia, Y., and Zhao, K. 2011. 秦俑坑出土青铜弩机生产的标准化及劳动力组织 (Standardisation and labour organisation in the Qin bronze triggers of the Terracotta Warriors). Qin Shihuangling Bowuyuan Yuankan, 2011: Volume 1.
• Martinón-Torres, M., Li, X. J., Bevan, A., Xia, Y., Zhao, K. and Rehren, Th. 2011. Making weapons for the Terracotta Army. Archaeology International 13/14, 65-75. DOI link»

Public talks

The project has featured in several TV programmes, and team members have delivered public talks in the UK, China, India, US, Canada, Spain, Australia, Cyprus, and Belgium.